Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing relevance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). These

Industrial fuel plays a vital role in the modern production landscape. Plants rely heavily on various types of fuel to produce the energy needed to operate machinery, fabricate goods, and support overall operations. From fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas to renewable alternatives such as biomass and solar power, the selection of fuel dep

The optical properties of graphene suspensions are heavily influenced by their dispersion relations. These relations describe the relationship between the energy and momentum of collective excitations in the system. By manipulating various parameters such as particle concentration, solvent viscosity, and surface functionalization, one can tune the